
“President Bush declared Monday that he has the power to approve eavesdropping within the United States without going through standard legal procedures” (
ABC News).
If anyone believes that Bush, and Nixon, are the only Presidents to eavesdrop on Americans, they are incorrect.
The power of the Executive Branch to protect American citizens by eavesdropping is not unconstitutional. The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution does not explicitly deny this exercise of the Executive Branch.
“The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) prescribes procedures for requesting judicial authorization for electronic surveillance and physical search of persons engaged in espionage or international terrorism against the United States on behalf of a foreign power. Requests are adjudicated by a special eleven member court called the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court” (
FAS).
In 1967 (before FISA) the Supreme Court ruled in Katz vs. United States that 4th Amendment restrictions do not apply in cases of national security.
Preceding FISA, a number of Federal Courts upheld warrant-less wiretaps in 1973, and 1974.
After FISA is another story. In 1984 the Supreme Court ruled in United States vs. Duggan, that compelling issues of national security override FISA.
Let’s also journey back to September 18, 2001. The President signs the “Authorization for Use of Military Force” bill. In this bill it reads, “That the President is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations or persons” (
FindLaw).
The President did not break the law.
This is an important issue, and I believe that the Supreme Court should revisit FISA, and the War Powers Act of 1973. In my personal opinion, I believe that both of these acts are unconstitutional. The thread is now open.